Friday, March 21, 2014

Final Reflection Paper

Racism in Today’s Sports


Francisco Reyes
Professor Fleischer
English 1A

            Textual interpretations of a theme vary based on the genre utilized to convey a message. For example, videos, pictures, articles, newspapers, pamphlets, and many other genres may all pertain to a similar theme, but the different genres approach the theme from whole different perspectives. All of these genres have one thing in common; they all are of the two-dimensional realm. While relevant to a similar theme, a three-dimensional genre is extremely different with regards to the texture, shape, colors, and various aspects of a three-dimensional object. A two-dimensional genre such as the picture was useful; however, it lacked something that the three-dimensional object had. The three-dimensional material was able to provide room for creativity and individual interpretation of a theme’s message that two-dimensional genres could not provide. I was able to demonstrate my own idea and opinion about the theme that I chose by making it myself while the other genres were preexisting and I had to analyze and make sense of them.
            The theme that I initially wrote about was the racism that exists in sports today. Athletes, fans, and coaches all have proven to play a part in the racism that exists in sports despite the leagues’ efforts to suppress such bizarre behavior. These leagues that advocate the end of racism exist in different sports and countries, which unfortunately signifies that this is a global issue rather than a league issue. With that said, I have created a model of a three-dimensional athlete that has been portrayed as this primitive male with stereotypical features of people of African descent. Hopefully the features that I have given this model will capture the audience’s attention and allow them to conclude that these are invalid and exaggerated features of other beings like themselves.
            Black athletes are often viewed as beastlike people with stereotypical appearances by sports’ fans globally. Offensive acts of fans include the hoisting of a banana towards the black athletes and monkey noises every time the athlete touches the ball. Because of this, my model has exaggerated and dramatized stereotypes. I have given the black athlete ridiculously large lips to represent one of the many types of black people. The lips are intended to stand out because of how disproportional to the head they are and because of how bright the lips are in comparison to the skin. The skin of the athlete also is dramatized because of how black and unrealistically dark the skin is compared to a person of African descent’s real skin tone. Other offensive features that go along with the athlete are a banana. The player is holding a banana in one hand to show that that’s how select fans view black players. The view is that they see them as primates running around fields and arenas. Continuing the trend of profiling black athletes, I geared the athlete with baggy clothes to give him a poor or ghetto tone.
            Materials were a key part of the three-dimensional model. These materials should allow the audience to get a further sense of how unrealistic this model is compared to real life athletes. Fabric was used in the making of the skin for this project to present a laughable tone. Being able to laugh at my project is understandable because I imagine that along with my own ideology many people will find this to be extremely inaccurate in comparison to actual athletes or black people in general. However, I may find it slightly uncomfortable if there are any of my peers that find this accurate and agree with these bizarre parts of the project. There were realistic materials needed in the making of the object. I took an old mesh jersey and took it apart to make it fit the overall theme which includes sports.
            To further demonstrate the stereotypes and misunderstandings of black athletes I was even exact with the sport I chose the athlete to be a part of. Initially I was going to make the athlete a soccer or baseball player, but after more thought I realized that isn’t a stereotypical sport. I made the athlete a basketball player to show the stereotype that all black people like or play basketball instead of other sports. The basketball on the model is in the hand of the basketball player to show the ignorant assumption that all black people are suitable to play basketball.
            Most people would have a general idea of what this model is about, but more specifically this image is intended for anyone against the promotion of racism and racial stereotypes. This should appeal to anyone against racism because while this is a playful and laughable piece, the audience should be able to connect the real problem of profiling to this comical doll. Persuasive appeals used by the model are both emotional and logical to the. The project may appeal to the emotions of the audience because of how laughable the doll is while simultaneously appealing to their logic and addressing that this is a serious matter in the world. Stereotypes and racist gestures should be collectively discarded in the world of sports as a whole because typically racism isn’t tolerated in society in general. Because of how joyous yet serious the artistic piece is, I feel that it would be appropriate for this model to be placed within a place similar to a library. The reasoning for this is because the model cannot only be a symbol for racism in sports but for racism in society. I feel that is appropriate for older and more mature ages so as to be reminded of the faults of the world’s past.
            Looking at the piece I constructed wouldn’t take much figuring out, but it does have many elements that contribute to the overall message. The message: racism in sports should be something the world strives to overcome so that athletes can participate in an activity intended for all. The message in the model is effective in my opinion because anyone that observes the piece I constructed will compare real life scenarios to this and come to the realization that both are morally unsound.     
            Making the project was by no means a simple task. I had to get creative with the limited budget I had and use the materials around me to their fullest potential. Some challenges I endured were figuring out what materials, shapes, and colors I would use to create a specific tone and message. Other challenges included changing the medium of my project. Initially I planned on using air-dry clay for the body of the artifact, but upon my arrival at target I could not find any more clay because ironically my peers purchased it all. However, I also had successes in constructing the object. Because all of the materials were made by scratch, it gave me a sense of accomplishment due to the fact that I didn’t need to purchase many materials after all. Despite the duration of time needed to assemble the body and clothes I succeeded in doing so by using methods I have never utilized before such as sewing the body together.
            After looking at the rubric and sizing up my visual rhetoric I feel that I deserve no lower than a B. The reason for this grade in my opinion is that I feel I hit all aspects of the rubric for both the paper portion and the object portion. I am not an artistically gifted individual, but I did devote a lot of time, critical thinking, and effort into this assignment. Optimistically, I feel that my effort and creative made up for lack of artistic ability.
           

Monday, March 17, 2014

Description of my 3-D model

For my rhetorical analysis assignment the genre I chose to do was about racism that exists in sports throughout the world today. I decided that I would create a model of a sports field that is composed of two halves made from two different sports fields. One half of the field will be a soccer field and the other half of the field will be a hockey rink. I would make goals that much up appropriately according to the sport. I still haven't figured out what material I'll use to make the nets on each of the goals. The soccer field will be made out of real grass and the hockey rink will be made most likely out of white styrofoam to represent the white rink. I'll place bananas throughout each of the fields. The reason for the bananas on the fields are because in Europe black soccer players are taunted with bananas to represent that they aren't equal in society. The bananas are to compare the black players to primitive animals such as monkeys. The same thing has occurred to black hockey players in the NHL.

Wednesday, March 12, 2014

Draft 3 Genre Analysis

Racism in Today’s Sports
            We as human beings have come very far with regards to technological advancements, communication, and equality as human beings in our society. Within the last century it is astonishing to take note of and recognize our societal advancements as a whole. Our advancements can be observed through many textual genres such as movies, commercials on TV and on our phone, billboards, television shows, pictures, internet videos, and many other texts. All of these genres wouldn’t have been made possible if it weren’t for the global immigration waves into the United States in the last one hundred years.  Despite the merging of different ethnic backgrounds or how far we’ve come as a society collectively we can see where we haven’t advanced or still have societal flaws to overcome. As a society as a whole we typically don’t tolerate suppress the racist expressions but in certain scenarios society seems to turn a blind eye, act as if certain acts are not occurring, prolong the amount of time it takes to address such uncivilized behaviors ("English Definition of ‘Turn a Blind Eye’"). Racism exists very much in the world but can often be noted or highlighted in the world of sports. Racism in sports can especially be seen through various textual genres such as academic journals, pictures captured at sporting venues, and news reporting videos of events.
            The most effective textual genres that easily grasp someone’s attention are the texts that contain staggering or overwhelmingly shocking images, articles, or videos to view. An example would be a photo of a man amidst an angry crowd holding a racist symbol and jeering out towards targeted athletes to insult them because of where the athlete derives from. In this case it there was a man holding out a banana to mock black players on the fans opposing team to pretend as though the athletes are nothing more than a beast or monkey. The tone is extremely aggressive and negative based off the actions of that individual fan and the supporting social influences from the surrounding fans. This image was taken to demonstrate a message that racism is still present in today’s society and also to show how blunt people are about their controversial feelings. In the image the man is at the lower leveled seats and has many rows that follow his position and portrays this feeling of a racist leader and his followers. The man seems as if what he is demonstrating is completely civil and because of the support around him. He may also feel as if his actions are civil due to the fact that not one person or security guard had intervened by removing the man from the stadium or even unarm the man of the harmless yet super offensive symbol. I believe that the targeted audience aims for those that do not condone or promote the feelings and expressions of racism in sports. Sports are universally played because any person or ethnicity has the potential to play so the fear of racism should be suppressed to become nonexistent.
            Another type of textual genre that shows the existence of racism in sports may branch from videos posted by amateurs and/or professionals. Examples include the showing of athletes being racist to their opposing fans in person at the spectacle or for any of those watching a game at home. The difference from textual genres such as videos and images are that images leave us to interpret what is occurring while video we can view what’s unfolding and we have audio to listen to what is occurring. A video that shows racism in sports is a video from a player in the Greek soccer league performing what is infamously known as the World War II Nazi salute. The player made this demonstration as a celebration following a goal he scored in a match. In the video you can see his teammates bewildered as to why he is making such demonstrations. Given his setting it is puzzling as to why he would make such gestures because the country he was playing in has lasting effective from World War II. The athlete was punished for his actions and can never play in the Greek soccer league again ("Soccer Player Gives Nazi Salute on Field”). The soccer player tried to claim he was ignorant of what this gesture meant and he didn’t know the history behind such salute. I think this video was made to show that despite the athlete scoring and contributing to the athlete’s team, awareness is vital when playing because not even a professional player like himself is exempt from punishment regarding racism.
            Other types of genre texts may include academic articles from authors with greater recognition and credibility behind their work. An academic piece that fits such a description is called "Goodbye to the Gangstas": The NBA Dress Code, Ray Emery, and the Policing of Blackness in Basketball and Hockey. The text is laid out in a formal way with things such as abstract and the rest of the body of the article. The way it is constructed is to show the ways the league officials of the NBA and NHL are restricting the way the athletes, more specifically the black athletes, present themselves on the courts.
            There are many genres texts that can be utilized when trying to send a message or show something. Each genre may be relevant to each other but at the same time they display their intended message differently. In the three texts above, all three pertained to racism in today’s sports but at the same time they all came from different areas. One area showed the fans being racist, athletes demonstrating racist beliefs, and also how league representatives create rules inside their leagues to dilute the ethnic differences of some of the athletes.
I feel that texts are effective if the text is eye catching or can get your attention immediately with a shocking method. If the text gets your attention immediately you will feel inclined to pay attention to the text displayed rather than overlooking it and moving onto the next one. Some texts that catch my eye more effectively are typically images like billboards or pictures. These texts have to provide their message in a matter of seconds because ideally people are passing by so the message has to have a concoction of factors to be effective such as being brief, simple, moving, and eye opening.
The texts I chose from most effective to least effective go in order from the picture, video, and then the academic article. The least effective message was the academic article because it isn’t very open to interpretation like the image I found. The article also was dull and never fully grabbed my attention. The image of the man holding a banana could have meant multiple things if you didn’t know the background for his motive to hoist this banana in the air which made me want to find out the answer to this. I was looking for racist images of sports and this one had caught my eye because I was very confused as to why a man is standing on his feet amidst a crowd with a banana of all items.
The same genres don’t necessarily have to have the exact same material. That is most likely almost never the case. For example, if there was a genre about basketball there may be many angles to approach such a broad genre. The life of a basketball announcer, player, and coach may all fit into the genre of basketball, but there is without a doubt huge difference within this genre. The same may apply for a topic such as movies or photography. Movies that fall under the same genre such as comedy may have a different approach depending on the time period the movies were made. For example, comedies made in 1980 might be funny to its viewers for that time frame but may not be funny to people watching in 2006.
The relationship between each genre varies because some genres are capable of prolonging its description of the text while some of the genres have to be brief and direct which isn’t necessarily a negative thing. The messages however are usually similar because they all fall under a similar genre, but may be delivered through different textual devices. For example, if a picture with a lot of graphic details is shown from a genre such world starvation, an image of a malnourished starving child might be better fit to deliver the message than an article describing the child’s problem.
I believe that the types of texts we read in society impact us as individuals because this can fall under the category of anything we see in life which include homework assignments like reading books or simply driving down the road you are exposed to billboards that try to persuade you towards a certain belief or opinion. The saying “you are what you see” does make you who are because you have to usually take a side with what you see. For example, I constantly see these atheist billboards when walking to school and I get very opinionated about why I have a religion or why one should keep their religious or non-religious beliefs to themselves rather than displaying them in public places. For scenarios like this it’s difficult to have a state of neutrality so we have to form an opinion about topics like this.
Overall genres and the types of texts utilized play significant roles in our lives. We may often time be exposed to different texts without even realizing it. These can come in the form of ads, handouts, movies, books, articles, and so forth. Different texts may be used on a similar genre to target specific audiences and alter the tone and mood portrayed to the audience.  Utilizing a different type of text may change the approach of a genre entirely and can be useful when trying to have the most impactful message delivered to the audience.



Works Cited
Lorenz, Stacy L. ""Goodbye to the Gangstas": The NBA Dress Code, Ray Emery, and the Policing of Blackness in Basketball and Hockey." Journal of Sport and Social Issues38 (2013): 23-50. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.
"Soccer Player Gives Nazi Salute on Field." YouTube. YouTube, 18 Mar. 2013. Web. 05 Mar. 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYIrYphja4s>.
"Will Galatasaray Players Wear Blackface in Response to Didier Drogba Abuse? Turkish Soccer Club Reportedly Planning Bizarre Racism Protest." NY Daily News. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2014. <http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more-sports/report-soccer-team-plans-blackface-racism-protest-article-1.1344910>.



Tuesday, March 11, 2014

Major genre assignment- rough draft number 2

Existing Racism in Today’s Sports
            We as human beings have come very far with regards to technological advancements, communication, and equality as human beings in our society. Within the last century it is astonishing to take note of and recognize our societal advancements as a whole. Our advancements can be observed through many textual genres such as movies, commercials on TV and on our phone, billboards, television shows, pictures, internet videos, and many other genres. All of these genres wouldn’t have been made possible if it weren’t for the global immigration waves into the United States in the last one hundred years.  Despite the merging of different ethnic backgrounds or how far we’ve come as a society collectively we can see where we haven’t advanced or still have societal flaws to overcome. As a society as a whole we typically don’t tolerate suppress the racist expressions but in certain scenarios society seems to turn a blind eye, act as if certain acts are not occurring, prolong the amount of time it takes to address such uncivilized behaviors ("English Definition of ‘Turn a Blind Eye’"). Racism exists very much in the world but can often be noted or highlighted in the world of sports. Racism in sports can especially be seen through various textual genres such as academic journals, pictures captured at sporting venues, and news reporting videos of events.
            Textual genres that are effective when the image, article, or video are the ones that are staggering or overwhelmingly shocking to view are easy to grasp someone’s attention. An example would be a photo of a man amidst an angry crowd holding a racist symbol and jeering out towards targeted athletes to insult them because of where the athlete derives from. In this case it was a man holding out a banana to mock black players on the fans opposing team to pretend as though the athletes are nothing more than a beast or monkey. The tone is extremely aggressive and negative based off the actions of that individual fan and the support social influences from the surrounding fans. This image was taken to demonstrate a message that racism is still present in today’s society and also to show how blunt people are about their controversial feelings. In the image the man is at the lower leveled seats and has many rows that follow his position and portrays this feeling of a racist leader and his followers. The man seems as if what he is demonstrating is completely civil and because of the support around him. He may also feel as if his actions are civil due to the fact that not one person or security guard had intervened by removing the man from the stadium or even unarm the man of the harmless yet super offensive symbol. I believe that the targeted audience aims for those that do not condone or promote the feelings and expressions of racism in sports. Sports are universally played because any person or ethnicity has the potential to play so the fear of racism should be suppressed to become nonexistent.
            Another type of textual genre that shows the existence of racism in sports may branch from videos posted by amateurs and/or professionals. Examples include the showing of athletes being racist to their opposing fans in person at the spectacle or for any of those watching a game at home. The difference from textual genres such as videos and images are that images leave us to interpret what is occurring while video we can view what’s unfolding and we have audio to listen to what is occurring. A video that shows racism in sports is a video from a player in the Greek soccer league performing what is infamously known as the World War II Nazi salute. The player made this demonstration as a celebration following a goal he scored in a match. In the video you can see his teammates bewildered as to why he is making such demonstrations. Given his setting it is puzzling as to why he would make such gestures because the country he was playing in has lasting effective from World War II. The athlete was punished for his actions and can never play in the Greek soccer league again ("Soccer Player Gives Nazi Salute on Field”). The soccer player tried to claim he was ignorant of what this gesture meant and he didn’t know the history behind such salute. I think this video was made to show that despite the athlete scoring and contributing to the athlete’s team, awareness is vital when playing because not even a professional player like himself is exempt from punishment regarding racism.
            Other types of genre texts may include academic articles from authors with greater recognition and credibility behind their work. An academic piece that fits such a description is called "Goodbye to the Gangstas": The NBA Dress Code, Ray Emery, and the Policing of Blackness in Basketball and Hockey. The text is laid out in a formal way with things such as abstract and the rest of the body of the article. The way it is constructed is to show the ways the league officials of the NBA and NHL are restricting the way the athletes, more specifically the black athletes, present themselves on the courts.
            There many genres texts that can be utilized when trying to send a message or show something. Each genre may be relevant to each other but at the same time they display their intended message differently. In the three texts above, all three pertained to racism in today’s sports but at the same time they all came from different areas. One area showed the fans being racist, athletes demonstrating racist beliefs, and also how league representatives create rules inside their leagues to dilute the ethnic differences of some of the athletes.
I feel that texts are effective if the text is eye catching or can get your attention immediately with a shocking method. If the text gets your attention immediately you will feel inclined to pay attention to the text displayed rather than overlooking it and moving onto the next one. Some texts that catch my eye more effectively are typically images like billboards or pictures. These texts have to provide their message in a matter of seconds because ideally people are passing by so the message has to have a concoction of factors to be effective such as being brief, simple, and eye opening.
The texts I chose from most effective to least effective go in order from the picture, video, and then the academic article. The least effective message was the academic article because it isn’t very open to interpretation like the image I found. The article also was dull and never fully grabbed my attention. The image of the man holding a banana could have meant multiple things if you didn’t know the background for his motive to hoist this banana in the air which made me want to find out the answer to this. I was looking for racist images of sports and this one had caught my eye because I was very confused as to why a man is standing on his feet amidst a crowd with a banana of all items.
The same genres don’t necessarily have to have the exact same material. That is most likely almost never the case. That’s like saying that because Youtube is a source of videos then all the videos must be similar and pertain to the same stuff.
The relationship between each genre varies because some genres are capable of prolonging its description of the text while some of the genres have to be brief and direct which isn’t necessarily a negative thing. The messages however are usually similar because they all fall under a similar theme.
I believe that the types of texts we read in society impact us as individuals because this can fall under the category of anything we see in life which include homework assignments like reading books or simply driving down the road you are exposed to billboards that try to persuade you towards a certain belief or opinion. “You are what you see” does make you who are because you have to usually take a side with what you see. For example, I constantly see these atheist billboards when walking to school and I get very opinionated about why I have a religion or why one should keep their religious or non-religious beliefs to themselves rather to display them in public places.
Works Cited
"English Definition of "Turn a Blind Eye"" Turn a Blind Eye. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2014. <http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/british/turn-a-blind-eye>.
Hawkins, Billy Joe. The New Plantation: Black Athletes, College Sports, and Predominantly White NCAA Institutions. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Print.
"Soccer Player Gives Nazi Salute on Field." YouTube. YouTube, 18 Mar. 2013. Web. 05 Mar. 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYIrYphja4s>.
"Will Galatasaray Players Wear Blackface in Response to Didier Drogba Abuse? Turkish Soccer Club Reportedly Planning Bizarre Racism Protest." NY Daily News. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2014. <http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more-sports/report-soccer-team-plans-blackface-racism-protest-article-1.1344910>.


Sunday, March 9, 2014

(SWA) Movie Analysis 3/5

Despite the movies being many years apart all three movies utilized the use of music to create a sense of terror in certain situations. However, the music from each movie did vary drastically. The two most recent movies tried to create a sense of terror by inputting a slight amount of gore into the dramatic scenes. The oldest movie had no scenes with gore but it did have a supernatural character that created terror. All three movies had a damsel in distress that made certain parts suspenseful. 
One of the movies was actually based on a true story, another movie could potentially happen in real life, and then the last movie is much more fictitious compared to the others. I feel that given the time period and the quality of the movies the three films are equally scary. If the three movies are taken out of context and compared to each other then there is no doubt that "Nosferatu" is the least scary movie. The other two films may be disputed about which one is scarier. 

Thursday, March 6, 2014

Peer Review Follow-Up Script

1.) I learned how to format my paper in a way that I could benefit and write my paper to a higher caliber just by peer reviewing another paper. The introduction in the paper I reviewed was well written and made me as a reader want to continue reading the paper. With that said, I am aware of adjusts I need to make in my paper so that readers/ reviewers will want to keep reading my paper.
2.) My peer reviewer didn't find many errors but he did have a little bit of confusion because of the peculiar way I formatted the assignment. I am aware that I need to make revisions so that the paper will have fluidity to it rather than making just a direct answer to the questions. 
3.) Yes, I strongly agree with my reviewer. The reviewer may have been a little hesitant to add what other revisions I need but that usually occurs when peers review other peers' work. I will gladly utilize all constructive criticism and add more revisions where I feel necessary. 

Sunday, March 2, 2014

Response Paper 1

The most recent movie I’ve watched is “Food Inc” produced by Robert Kenner. I chose to review this movie because of the way it revealed the bully-like methods major food corporations utilize on its opposition, workers, and consumers. The information presented also presented me with the opportunity to make a difference in my own diet and influence the diets of others around me. The topic of the film showed how the use of science, money, and intimidation has revolutionized the way food is produced. For example, large companies have invested millions of dollars to take small competitors to court and eventually settle out of court because the small competitors can’t continue to pay for their lawyer fees. An example of how science plays a role in the food industry is the fact the production of meat has become a type of poultry assembly line.
Major events that are addressed include the food choices that people make as a consumer has a direct reflection on their health. For instance, families in the film explain that their busy schedules and lack of money forces them to select cheaper and easy to make foods. The ideal foods to turn to with those characteristics are fast foods. However, fast foods are much unhealthier than home cooked meals and as a result families that consume these cheap foods pay the consequences and medical conditions such as obesity and diabetes. Typically those conditions are found in adults but as the companies grow and have a greater influence on people it is noted that obesity and diabetes is occurring more often in young children. This relates to my own experiences because all around me it’s evident that this occurs around me. I have family members that are pre-diabetic because of the ultimatum of having to choice between healthy and costly foods. Unfortunately too often the cost of foods prevails over the nutritional value of foods.
I don’t watch movies like this too often but I am thankful that watching this film was an assignment and mandatory. I found the film to be useful because it is relevant to my life and the lives of many people around. While the film may have been disturbing at times I imagine that my peers also found this movie to be just as eye opening to them as I found it. I many things such as how the food industry is dominated by only a few major companies.